The Usage of Antimicrobials in Pediatric Dentistry- A Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12974/2311-8695.2023.11.08Keywords:
Antibiotics, Pediatric Dentistry, Oral procedures, ProphylaxisAbstract
Antimicrobials play a crucial role in pediatric dentistry, helping to manage and prevent infectious diseases. However, their indiscriminate use and misuse can have significant consequences, including the development of antimicrobial resistance. This article aims to provide an in-depth exploration of antimicrobials in pediatric dentistry, discussing their appropriate use, common indications, potential adverse effects, and the importance of judicious prescribing. It also highlights the significance of antimicrobial stewardship programs in promoting responsible antimicrobial use and mitigating the emergence of resistance in dental set up.
References
K D Tripathi Textbook of pharmacology for medical students, 6th edition, 667
Kate Kelly. History of Medicine. Infobase Publishers, 2009; 70-90.
Inchara R, Ganapathy D, Kumar PK. Preference of antibiotics in pediatric dentistry. Drug Invent Today. 2019 15; 11: 1495-8.
Klein EY, Van Boeckel TP, Martinez EM, Pant S, Gandra S, Levin SA, et al. Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 10; 115(15). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717295115
Malik ZI, Nawaz T, Abdullah MT, Waqar SH, Zahid MA. Surgical site infections in general surgical wards at a tertiary care hospital. Pak J Med Res. 2013; 52(4).
Muhson ZN, Al-Obaidi WA. Knowledge and Behavior of a Group of Dentists towards Antibiotic Prescription to Pediatric Patients in Baghdad. Mustansiria dental journal. 2023; 19(1).
Konde S, Jairam LS, Peethambar P, Noojady SR, Kumar NC. Antibiotic overusage and resistance: A cross-sectional survey among pediatric dentists. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 2016 1; 34(2): 145-51. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-4388.180444
Palmer NO, Martin MV, Pealing R, Ireland RS. Paediatric antibiotic prescribing by general dental practitioners in England. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2001; 11: 242-8. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-263X.2001.00280.x
Hills-Smith H, Schuman NJ. Antibiotic therapy in pediatric dentistry. II. Treatment of oral infection and management of systemic disease. Pediatr Dent. 1983 Mar 1; 5(1): 45- 50
Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, Lockhart AD. Antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental procedures. Oral Health Topics. 2017.
Thornhill MH, Dayer M, Lockhart PB, Prendergast B. Antibiotic prophylaxis of infective endocarditis. Current infectious disease reports. 2017; 19: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-017-0564-y
Wilson WR, Gewitz M, Lockhart PB, Bolger AF, DeSimone DC, Kazi DS, et al. Prevention of Viridans group streptococcal infective endocarditis: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021; 143: e963-78.
Owens Jr RC. Antimicrobial stewardship: concepts and strategies in the 21st century. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease. 2008 1; 61(1): 110-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.02.012
Joseph J, Rodvold KA. The role of carbapenems in the treatment of severe nosocomial respiratory tract infections. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008; 9: 561-75. https://doi.org/10.1517/14656566.9.4.561
Ananthnarayan and Paniker's Textbook of microbiology 9th edition
Baltimore RS, Gewitz M, Baddour LM, Beerman LB, Jackson MA, Lockhart PB, Pahl E, Schutze GE, Shulman ST, Willoughby Jr R. Infective endocarditis in childhood: 2015 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015 13; 132(15): 1487-515. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000298
Doron S, Davidson LE. Antimicrobial stewardship. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011 Nov; 86(11): 1113-23. https://doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2011.0358
Rubanenko M, Blumer S, Maalof K, Elbahary S, Katz L, Kharouba J. Assessment of the Knowledge and Approach of General Dentists Who Treat Children and Pediatric Dentists Regarding the Proper Use of Antibiotics for Children. Antibiotics. 2021 28; 10(10): 1181. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101181
Glenny AM, Oliver R, Roberts GJ, Hooper L, Worthington HV. Antibiotics for the prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis in dentistry. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013(10).
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003813.pub4
Cherry WR, Lee JY, Shugars DA, White Jr RP, Vann Jr WF. Antibiotic use for treating dental infections in children: A survey of dentists′ prescribing practices. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2012 1; 143(1): 31-8. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2012.0015
Angelilli ML, Toscani M, Matsui DM, Rieder MJ. Palatability of oral antibiotics among children in an urban primary care center. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine. 2000 1; 154(3): 267-70. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.154.3.267
Marwah N, Textbook of Pediatric Dentistry Edition 5, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2023
Neuman H, Forsythe P, Uzan A, Avni O, Koren O. Antibiotics in early life: dysbiosis and the damage done. FEMS microbiology reviews. 2018; 42(4): 489-99. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuy018
Marek CL, Timmons SR. Antimicrobials in pediatric dentistry. InPediatric Dentistry 2019 1 (pp. 128-141). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-60826-8.00009-2
Walker LG, Simmons BP, Lovallo JL. Pediatric herpetic hand infections. The Journal of hand surgery. 1990 1; 15(1): 176-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(09)91128-5
Moraes LC, Só MV, Dal Pizzol TD, Ferreira MB, Montagner F. Distribution of genes related to antimicrobial resistance in different oral environments: a systematic review. Journal of endodontics. 2015 1; 41(4): 434-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2014.12.018
Teoh L, Sloan AJ, McCullough MJ, Thompson W. Measuring antibiotic stewardship programmes and initiatives: an umbrella review in primary care medicine and a systematic review of dentistry. Antibiotics. 2020 16; 9(9): 607. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090607
