Niches of Stem Cells
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12974/2311-8695.2020.08.1Keywords:
Stem cells, Extracellular substrates, Asymmetric or symmetric division, Adhesion molecules, Cell terminal differentiation.Abstract
In niches, stem cells are associated with adhesion extracellular matrix molecules (ECM). This gives rise to cells that retain their ‘stemness’, control their self-renewal and their progeny production, by using asymmetric or symmetric divisions. The adhesion molecules include N-cadherin/β-catenin, VCAM/integrin, and osteopontin /β1 integrin. They create a microenvironment that favor cell division, and interactions leading to cell differentiation. Asymmetric division contributes to self-renewal (a single division) and produce daughter cells that conduct to terminal differentiation. C-Myc is involved in controlling the balance between stem cell maintenance and proliferation. Daughter cells are expressing low levels of c-Myc. They are retained in the niche in a quiescent state, whereas, high levels of c-Myc expression in the remaining daughter cells supports the proliferation of cells and the displacement of dividing transit cells and their replacement leading to terminal differentiation.
References
Spradling A, Drummond-Barbosa D, Kai T. Stem cells find their niche. Nature 2001; 414(11): 98-104. https://doi.org/10.1038/35102160
Scadden DT. The stem-cell niche as an entity of action Nature 2006; 441(6): 1075-1079. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04957
Moore KA, Lemischka IR. Stem cells and their niches Science 2006; 311(3): 1880-1885. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1110542
Raymond K, Deugnier M-A, Faraldo M, Glukhova MA. Adhesion within stem cell niches Current Opinion in Cell Biology 2009; 21: 623-629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2009.05.004
Stier S, Ko Y, Forkert R, Lutz C, Neuhaus T, Grûnewald et al. Osteopontin is a hematopoietic stem cell niche component that negatively regulates stem cell pool size. J Experimental Medicine 2005; 201(11): 1781-1791. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20041992
Schofield, R. The relationship between the spleen colonyforming cell and the haemopoietic stem cell. Blood Cells 1978; 4: 7-25.
Mitsiadis T, Barrandon O, Rochat A, Barrandon Y, de Bari C. Stem cell niches in mammals. Exprimental Cell Research 2007; 313: 3377-3385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.07.027
Wagers AJ. The stem cell niche in regenerative medicine Cell Stem Cell 2012; 10(4): 362-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2012.02.018
Yin T, Li L. The stem cell niches in bone J. Clin. Invest 2006; 116(5): 1195-1201. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI28568
Fuchs E, Tumbar T, Guasch G. Socializing with the neighbors: stem cells and their niche. Cell 2004; 116: 769- 778. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00255-7
Morrison SJ, Kimble J. Asymmetric and symmetric stem-cell divisions in development and cancer Nature 2006; 441 (6): 1068-1074. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04956
Morrison SJ, Sprading AC. Stem cells and niches: mechanisms that promote stem cell maintenance throughout life. Cell. 2008; 132(2): 598-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.038
Kim K, Doi A, Wen B, Ng K, Zhao R, Cahan P et al., Epigenetic memory in induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 2010; 16(9): 285-290. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09342
Shi S, Gronthos S. Perivascular niche of postnatal Mesenchymal Stem Cells in human Bone Marrow and dental pulp. J Bone Mineral Res 2003; 18(4): 696-704. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.4.696
Machado CV, Passos ST, Campos TMC, Bernardi L, Vilas- Boas DS, Nör JE, Telles PDS, Nascimento IL. The dental pulp stem cell niche based on aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 expression. Int Endod J 2016; 49(8): 755-763. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12511
Kerkis I, Caplan AI. Stem cells in dental pulp of deciduous teeth. Tissue Engineering: Part B 2012; 18(2): 129-138. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0327
Egusa H, Sonoyama W, Nishimura M, Atsuta I, Akiyama K. Stem cells in dentistry- Part II: Clinical applications. J Prosthodontic Research 2012; 56: 229-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpor.2012.10.001