Emotion Regulation Difficulties, Personality Traits and Coping Styles in First-Time Suicide Attempters
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12974/2313-1047.2017.04.01.3Keywords:
Emotion regulation, personality traits, coping, suicide.Abstract
This study examines personality traits, difficulties in emotion regulation and coping styles who presented after the first-time suicide attempt. This study included 54 patients who had attempted suicide and 36 healthy individuals. Suicidal Intent Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Big Five Inventory and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations-Short Form used. The suicide attempters had significantly lower scores for extroversion and higher scores for neurosis and higher scores in all the subscales of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale than non-attempters. Emotion-oriented coping scores were significantly higher among suicide attempters while the task-oriented coping and avoidance-oriented scores were significantly higher among the controls. Interventions related to regulation of emotion and problem-solving training may be effective methods for preventing suicide.
References
Bazrafshan MR, Jahangir F, Mansouri A, Kashfi SH. Coping strategies in people attempting suicide. Int J High Risk Behav Addict 2014; 9: 162-165. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.16265
Oquendo MA, Galfalvy H, Russo S, Ellis B, Grunebaum MF, Burke A, et al. Prospective study of clinical predictors of suicidal act after a majör depressive episode in patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161: 1433-41. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.8.1433
Lewitzka U, Denzin S, Sauer C, Bauer M, Jabs B. Personality differences in early versus late suicide attempters. BMC Psychiatry 2016: 9; 16: 282.
Kumar PN, George B.Life events, social support, coping strategies, and quality of life in attempted suicide: A casecontrol study. Indian J Psychiatry 2013; 55(1): 46-51. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.105504
Apter A, van Praag HM, Plutchik R, Sevy S, Korn M, Brown SL. Interrelationships among anxiety, aggression, impulsivity, and mood: a serotonergically linked cluster? Psychiatr Res 1990; 32: 191-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(90)90086-K
Baud P. Personality traits as intermediary phenotypes in suicidal behavior: genetic issues. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133: 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.30044
Brezo J, Paris J, Turecki G. Personality traits as correlates of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide completions: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006; 113: 180- 206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00702.x
Fredrickson BL. The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist 2001; 56: 218-226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
Gross JJ, Thompson RA. Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of Emotion Regulation (3-24). New York: Guilford Press. 2007.
Gratz KL. Targeting emotion dysregulation in the treatment of self-injury. J Clin Psychol 2007; 63: 1091-1103. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20417
Bradley, S.J. Affect regulation and the development of psychopathology. New York: Guilford Press. 2003.
Linehan MM, Comtois KA, Brown MZ, et al. Suicide Attempt Self-Injury Interview (SASSII): Development, reliability, and validity of a scale to assess suicide attempts and intentional self-injury. Psychological Assessment 2006; 18: 303-312. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.18.3.303
Zlotnick C, Wolfsdorf BA, Johnson B, Spirito A. Impaired selfregulation and suicidal behavior among adolescent and young adult psychiatric inpatients. Arch Suicide Res 2003; 7: 149-157. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811110301576
Gratz KL, Roemer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 2004; 26: 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
Rugancı RN, Gençöz T. Psychometric properties of the Difficulty of Emotion Regulation Scale in a Turkish sample. J Clin Psychol 2010; 66: 442-455.
Folkman S, Lazarus RS. Coping as a mediator of emotion. J Pers Soc Psychol 1988; 54: 466-675. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.3.466
Esmaeilnia T, Faramarzi M, Mousavi M, Shamsi G. Causes of attempted suicide among women of Babol town (2001- 2002). J Babol Univ Med Sci 2005; 7(26): 58-62.
Sharif F, Parsnia A, Mani A, Vosoghi M, Setoodeh G. Comparison of personality traits, coping styles, and psychiatric disorders in adult suicidal and non-suicidal individuals. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery 2014; 2(3): 148-56.
Drapeau CW, Cerel J, Moore M. How personality, coping styles, and perceived closeness influence help-seeking attitudes in suicide bereaved adults, Death Stud 2016; 40(3): 165-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2015.1107660
Zhang X, Wang H, Xia Y, Liu X, Jung E. Stress, coping and suicide ideation in Chinese college students. J Adolesc 2012; 35: 683-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.10.003
Uğurlu N, Ona N. Relationship between the stress-coping levels of university students and their probability of committing suicide. Soc Behav Pers 2009; 37: 1221-1230. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2009.37.9.1221
Langlois S, Morrison P. Suicide deaths and suicide attempts. Health Reports 2002; 13: 9-22
Beck AT, Steer RA, Beck JS, et al. Hopelessness, depression, suicidal ideation, and clinical diagnosis of depression. Suicide Life Threat Behav 1993; 23: 139-145.
Dilbaz, N., Bayam G, Bitlis V, et al. Suicidal intent scale: Validity and reliability. Journal of Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychopharmacology 1995; 3: 28-31.
Beck AT, Rush J, Shaw BF, et al. Cognitive Therapy of Depression. Guilford Press, New York 1979.
Hisli N. Reliability and Validity of Beck Depression Inventory for university students. Journal of Turkish Psychology 1989; 7: 3-13.
Goldberg LR. The structure of phenotypic personality traits, American Psychologist 1993; 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.48.1.26
Karaman NG, Dogana T, Coban AE. A study to adapt the big five inventory to Turkish. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2010; 2: 2357-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.336
Gratz KL. Roemer, L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 2004; 26: 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
Rugancı RN, Gençöz T. Psychometric properties of the Difficulty of Emotion Regulation Scale in a Turkish sample. J Clin Psychol 2010; 66: 442-455.
Endler NS, Parker, JD. Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS): Manual. Toronto, ON, Canada: Multi- Health Systems 1999.
Boysan M. Validity of the Coping Inventory For Stressful Situations - Short Form (CISS-21) in a non-clinical Turkish sample. Düşünen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2012; 25: 101-107. https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2012250201
Must A, Kurgyis E, Szkaliczki A, et al. Personality trait and coping compensate for disadvantageous decision-making in long term alcohol abstinence. Alcohol 2012; 47: 22-7.
Sharif F, Parsnia A, Mani A, Vosoghi M, Setoodeh G. Comparison of Personality Traits, Coping Styles, and Psychiatric Disorders in Adult Suicidal and Non-Suicidal Individuals. IJCBNM. 2014; 2(3): 148-156.
Pai M, Carr D. Do personality traits moderate the effect of late-life spousal loss on psychological distress? Journal of Health and Social Behavior 2010; 51: 183-199. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146510368933
Conner KR, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, Seidlitz L, Caine E.D. Psychological vulnerability to completed suicide: A review of empirical studies. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2001; 31: 367- 385. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.31.4.367.22048
Kumar PN, George B. Life events, social support, coping strategies, and quality of life in attempted suicide: A casecontrol study. Indian J Psychiatry, 2013; 55: 46-51. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.105504
Evans E, Hawton K, Rodham K. In what ways are adolescents who engage in self-harm or experience thoughts of self-harm different in terms of help-seeking, communication and coping strategies? J Adolesc 2005; 28(4): 573-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.11.001
Tang F, Qin P. Influence of Personal Social Network and Coping Skills on Risk for Suicidal Ideation in Chinese University Students. PLoS ONE 2015; 10: e0121-123. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121023
Lawrence E, Jeglic EL, Matthews LT, Pepper CM. Gender differences in grief reactions following the death of a parent. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 2006; 52, 323-337. https://doi.org/10.2190/55WN-1VUF-TQ3W-GD53
Bradley SJ. Affect regulation and the development of psychopathology. New York: Guilford Press 2000.
Cole PM, Michel M, Teti L. The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 1994; 59, 73-100. https://doi.org/10.2307/1166139
Gratz KL, Roemer L. The relationship between emotion dysregulation and deliberate self-harm among female undergraduate students at an urban commuter university. Cogn Behav Ther 2008; 37: 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070701819524
Shelef L, Fruchter E, Hassidim A, Zalsman G. Emotional regulation of mental pain as moderator of suicidal ideation in military settings. Eur Psychiatry 2015; 30(6): 765-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.12.004
Weinberg A, Klonsky ED. Measurement of emotion dysregulation in adolescents. Psychological Assessment 2009; 21: 616-621. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016669
McGirr A, Paris J, Lesage A, Renaud J, Turecki G. Risk factors for suicide completion in borderline personality disorder: a case-control study of cluster B comorbidity and impulsive aggression. J Clin Psychiatry 2007; 68: 721-729. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v68n0509
Selvi Y, Aydin A, Atli A, Boysan M, Selvi F, Besiroglu L. Chronotype Differences in Suicidal Behavior and Impulsivity Among Suicide Attempters, Chronobiol Int 2011; 28(2): 170- 5. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2010.535938
Yen S, Shea MT, Sanislow CA, Skodol AE, Grilo CM, et al. Personality Traits as Prospective Predictors of Suicide Attempts. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2009; 120: 222-229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01366.x
Giegling I, Olgiati P, Hartmann AM, Calati R, Möller HJ. Personality and attempted suicide. Analysis of anger, aggression and impulsivity. J Psychiatr Res 2009; 43: 1262- 1271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.04.013
Javdani S, Sadeh N, Verona EJ. Suicidality as a function of impulsivity, callous-unemotional traits, and depressive symptoms in youth. Abnorm Psychol 2011; 120: 400. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021805
Shelef L, Fruchter E, Mann JJ, Yacobi A. Correlations between interpersonal and cognitive difficulties: Relationship to suicidal ideation in military suicide attempters. Eur Psychiatry 2014; 29(8): 498-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.01.006
Joiner TE, Pettit JW, Perez M, Burns AB, Gencoz T, Gencoz F, et al. Can positive emotion influence problem-solving attitudes among suicidal adults? Prof Psychol Res Prac 2001; 32: 507-12. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.32.5.507
