Dietary Patterns and Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study in Japan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12974/2309-6179.2017.05.01Keywords:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Dietary pattern, Principal component analysis, Nutrition, Case-control study.Abstract
Objective: Nearly all epidemiologic studies examining the association between the risk of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and diet have focused on single foods and specific nutrients. We conducted a population-based case-control study in Japan to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of ALS.
Methods: The study was comprised of 156 ALS patients and 393 gender- and age- matched controls randomly selected from the general population. At the time of recruitment, dietary intake during the preceding three years before the onset for cases and the interview for controls was assessed using a validated, self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis.
Results: Three dietary patterns were identified: 'Vegetable-protein based', 'Western' and Traditional-diet' patterns. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the vegetable-protein based pattern, characterized by a high intake of vegetables, seaweed, pulses, mushrooms, fruits and fish and animal and vegetable protein, was significantly associated with a reduced the risk of ALS (lowest versus highest tertile, adjusted OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.22-0.67). No associations with ALS were detected for the other two dietary patterns.
Conclusion: In this case-control study in Japan, a dietary pattern consisting of high intakes of vegetables, fruits and animal and vegetable protein may be associated with a decreased risk of ALS.
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