Novel Simple Approach for Differentiating Concentrated or Diluted Blood Samples, Hematological Disorders and Organ Dysfunctions in Acute Care Settings-A Global Perspective

Wed, 19 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Dilution or concentration of blood sample during patient receiving intravenous fluids or at presentation of disease with severe volume depletion is common clinical scenario. There are various gold standard advanced technological time-consuming elective methods like radioactive chromium method, radioactive iodine method, etc which are useful for diagnosis of dilution or concentration. But during routine examination especially at smaller peripheral centres or low-income countries where these facilities are lacking, it is difficult to check that either sample is diluted, concentrated or due to altered pathological diseased state as both will give modified results than the actual state of the patient’s current pathophysiological condition. In acute care trauma settings, intensive or critical care units and high dependency units with critically ill patients many of them having multiple organ dysfunction and associated co-morbidities, many of the decisions about their care will be based on the results of hematological and biochemical profile and the time is very crucial to take decision and act in immediately. The simple innovative approach described allows quick and accurate decision making based on correct interpretation of the investigative findings.

New Insights into the Nature of the 5q- Deletion Syndrome Based on Quantitative Measurement of BAALC- Expressing Stem Cell Burdens

Tue, 17 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

A discovery of nonrandom recurrent interstitial aberration at the long arm of chromosome 5 was made by Van den Berghe et al. in 1974. For a long time, this entity was classified as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Meanwhile, its definition as well as classification criteria were repeatedly changed due to both clinical studies and advances in new techniques. In particular an insufficiency of ribosome-forming protein (RPS14) gene was found soon after similar gene RPS19 discovery in patients with severe inherited Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). It cannot be excluded that basic pathogenetic mechanisms, including participation of activated gene TP53, seem to be similar in both entities.

This article for the first time presents the quantitative data on the BAALC expression in the majority (25/31) of patients tested with 5q- deletions to be under the cut-off values. It concerns a group of 14/16 patients with isolated 5q- anomaly, and 11 other cases in whom 5q- deletion was combined with additional non-identical chromosomal aberrations. On the contrary, this molecular parameter exceeded the cut-off levels in all (n=10) MDS patients without 5q- abnormality. Hence, these data might effectively support an assumption of a ribosomopathy in cases of isolated 5q- deletion. Since about 8-10 % of these patients are transformed into MDS and/or secondary AML, a possible exclusion of isolated 5q- deletion syndrome from MDS category should be discussed carefully and this assumption is needed an additional support in larger studies.

Journal of Hematology Research

Novel Simple Approach for Differentiating Concentrated or Diluted Blood Samples, Hematological Disorders and Organ Dysfunctions in Acute Care Settings-A Global Perspective

New Insights into the Nature of the 5q- Deletion Syndrome Based on Quantitative Measurement of BAALC- Expressing Stem Cell Burdens