Characterization of Natural Reinforcements and their Composites
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12974/2311-8717.2021.09.03Keywords:
Natural fiber composites, Mechanical properties, Impact properties.Abstract
In this study, the mechanical properties of flax, jute and jute/carbon woven fabrics, and their composites were investigated and compared with 3K carbon fabric composites. Mechanical properties of yarn, fabric and composites were separately investigated and compared for each scales. In addition, yarn and fabric structures were characterized. It was found that, fabric structure, yarn physical properties and fiber cross-section and fiber molecular structure parameters of reinforcement have seriously effect on the composite mechanical properties. It can be concluded that fabric tensile strength attribute to composite tensile strength, but there was not a direct relation between fabric tensile strength and composite tensile strength. The tensile strength of natural fiber fabrics were determined to be significantly reduced depending on the temperature increasing. This condition should be considered as a important limitation for composite applications of natural fibers. Mechanical test results are proved that natural fiber composites not to be an important alternative to conventional composites.
References
Nabi Saheb D. and Jog JP. Natural Fiber Polymer Composites: A Review, Advanced in Polymer Technology, 1999; 18: 351-363. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098- 2329(199924)18:4<351::AID-ADV6>3.0.CO;2-X
Malkapuram R, Kumar V, and Yuvraj SN. Recent Development in Natural Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2008; 28: 1169-1189. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684407087759
Wambua, P, Ivens, J and Verpoest, I, Natural Fibres: Can They Replace Glass in Fibre Reinforced Plastics, Composites Science and Technology, 2003; 63: 1259-1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00096-4
Quazi Shubhra TH, Alam AKMM, Gafur MA, et al. Characterization of plant and animal based natural fibers reinforced polypropylene composites and their comparative study. Fiber Polym 2010; 11(5): 725-731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-010-0725-1
Cheung HY, Ho MP, Lau KT, et al. Natural fibrereinforced composites for bioengineering and environmental engineering applications. Composites: Part B 2009; 40(7): 655-663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.04.014
Zhang MQ, Rong MZ and Lu X. Fully biodegradable natural fiber composites from renewable resources: all plant fiber composites. Compos Sci Technol 2005; 65(15-16): 2514- 2525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.06.018
Santulli C. Impact properties of glass/plant fibre hybrid laminates. J Mater Sci 2007; 42: 3699-3707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0662-y
Adekunle K, Cho SW, Patzelt C, et al. Impact and flexural properties of flax fabrics and lyocell fiber-reinforced biobased thermoset. J Reinf Plast Compos 2011; 30(8): 685- 697. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684411405874
Alawar A, Hamed MA and Al-Kaabi K. Characterization of treated date palm tree fiber as composite reinforcement. Composites: Part B 2009; 40: 601-606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.04.018
Goswami DN, Ansari MF, Day A, et al. Jute-fiber glassplywood/particle board composite. Ind J Chem Technol 2008; 15: 325-331.
Santulli C, Janssen M and Jeronimidis G. Partial replacement of E-glass fibers with flax fibers in composites and effect on falling weight impact performance. J Mater Sci 2005; 40: 3581-3585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-2882-y
Mohan R, Kishore, Shridhar MK, et al. Compressive strength of jute-glass hybrid fiber composites. J Mater Sci Lett 1983; 2: 99-102. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00722222
Venkateswaran N, Elayaperumal A and Sathiya GK. Prediction of tensile properties of hybrid - natural fiber composites. Composites: Part B 2012; 43: 793-796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.08.023
Esfandiari A. Mechanical properties of PP/jute glass fiber composites - a statistical investigation. J Appl Sci 2007; 7(24): 3943-3950. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2007.3943.3950
Jarukumjorn K and Supakarn N. Effect of glass fiber hybridization on properties of sisal fiber-polypropylene composites, Compos Part B 40(7): 623-627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.04.007
Ahmad I, Baharum, A and Abdullah, I, Effect of Extrusion Rate and Fiber Loading on Mechanical Properties of Twaron Fiber-thermoplastic Natural Rubber (TPNR) composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2006; 25: 957-965. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684406065082
Zini E, Scandola M. Green Composites: An Overview. Polymer composites 2011; 1905-1915. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.21224
Stamboulis A, Baillie C, Peijs T. Effects of environmental conditions on mechanical and physical properties of flax fibers. Composites: Part A, 2001; 32: 1105-1115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(01)00032-X
Peng X, Fan M, Hartley J, Al-Zubaidy. Properties of natural fiber composites made by pultrusion Journal of Composite Materials, 2012; 46: 237-246. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998311410474
Dittenber DB, Ganga Rao HVS. Critical Review of Recent Publications on Use of Natural Composites in Infrastructure. Composites: Part A, 2012; 43: 1419-1429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.11.019
La Mantia FP, Morreale M. Green composites: A brief review. Composites: Part A, 2011; 42: 579-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.01.017
Biagiotti J, Puglia D, Kenny JM. A Review on Natural Fibre- Based Composites-Part I Journal of Natural Fibers, 2004; 1(2): 37-68. https://doi.org/10.1300/J395v01n02_04
Buet-Gautier K, Boisse P. Experimental analysis and modelling of biaxial mechanical behaviour of woven composite reinforcements. Experimental Mechanics, 2001; 41: (3): 260-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02323143
Cao J. Akkrerman R, Boisse P, et al. Characterization of mechanical behavior of woven fabrics: Experimental methods and benchmark results. Composites: Part A, 2008; 39: 1037-1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.02.016
HARRIS, M., 1954, Handbook of Textile Fibers, Harris Research Laboratuaries, Newyork, p.174.
Lomov SV, Bogdanovich AE, Ivanov DS, Mungalov D, Karahan M, and Verpoest I. A Comparative Study of Tensile Properties of Non-crimp 3D Orthogonal Weave and Multilayer Plain Weave E-glass Composites. Part 1: Materials, Methods and Principal Results, Composites Part A, 2009; 40: pp.1134-1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.03.012
Karahan M and Karahan N, Influence of weaving structure and hybridization on the tensile properties of woven carbonepoxy composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 2014; 33: 212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684413504019
Curtis GJ, Milne JM, Reynolds WN, Non-Hookean behaviour of strong carbon fibres. Nature, 1968; 220(5171): 1024-1025. https://doi.org/10.1038/2201024a0
Djordevic JM, Sekulic DR, Mitric MN, Stevanovic MM, Non- Hookean elastic behaviour and crystallite orientation in carbon fibers, Journal of Composite Materials, 2010; 44: 1717-1727. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998309357087
Toyama N, Takasubo J, An investigation of non-lineear elastic behavior of CFRP laminates and strain measurement using lamb waves. Composites Science and Technology, 2004; 64: 2509-2516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.05.007
Truong Chi T, Vettori M, Lomov SV, Verpoest I, Carbon composites based on multiaxial multiply stitched preforms, Part 4. Mechanical properties of composites and damage observation. Composites Part A, 2005; 36: 1207-1221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.02.004
Dhakal HN, ZY. Zhang, R. Guthrie, J. MacMullen, N. Bennett, Development of flax/carbon fibre hybrid composites for enhanced properties, Carbohydrate Polymers 2013; 96: 1- 8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.074
Curtis, PT. and Bishop, SM. An assessment of the potential of woven carbon fibre-reinforced plastics for high performance applications, Composites 1984; 15(14): 259- 265. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(84)90706-7
Leong KH, Lee B, Herszberg I, Bannister MK. The effect of binder path on the tensile properties and failure of multilayer woven CFRP composites, Composites Science and Technology, 2000; 60: 149-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(99)00108-6
Akil H. Md, Carlo Santulli, Fabrizio Sarasini, Jacopo Tirillò, Teodoro Valente, Environmental effects on the mechanical behaviour of pultruded jute/glass fibre-reinforced polyester hybrid composites, Composites Science and Technology 2014; 94: 62-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.01.017
HARRIS M. 1954, Handbook of Textile Fibers, Harris Research Laboratuaries, Newyork, p.128-135
BASU A. 2001, Textile Testing Fiber, Yarn, and Fabric, The South India Textile Research Association, p. 162, India.