Stem Cell Therapy in Some Rheumatic Diseases: Is Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation A Hope for Refractory Autoimmune Diseases?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12974/2309-6128.2013.01.01.4Keywords:
Stem cells rheumatic diseases.Abstract
Stem cells are cells with the potential to develop into many different types of cells in the body. They serve as a repair system for the body. There are two main types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.
Doctors and scientists are excited about stem cells because they have potential in many different areas of health and medical research. Immunoablative therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an intensive treatment modality aimed at‘resetting’ the dysregulated immune system of a patient with immunoablative therapy and allow outgrowth of a nonautogressive immune system from reinfused hematopoietic stem cells, either from the patient (autologous HSCT) or a healthy donor (allogeneic HSCT).
Animal studies have demonstrated that HSCs play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases AD. Adoptive transfer of HSCs after immunoablative therapy caused, prevented, or cured AD.
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are of a rapidly moving field in rheumatology, initially based on their cartilage/bone differentiation potential now partly eclipsed by their capacity to counteract adverse host immune responses, improve angiogenesis and prevent fibrosis. Indeed, MSCs are the progenitors of multiple tissues including bone, cartilage, muscle, fat and tendon. At present, MSCs seem to be the best candidates for cell therapy to regenerate injured tissue as they are easily isolated from bone marrow (BM) or adipose tissue and can be rapidly amplified. This has open novel therapeutic applications for various diseases including RA, bone and cartilage genetic disorders as well as bone metastasis.
In this review I discuss role of stem cell therapy in various rheumatic diseases.
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