Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Update of Clinical Features and Diagnosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12974/2309-6160.2013.01.01.6Keywords:
Adrenocortical carcinoma, diagnosis, EGFR, K-ras, lipomatous metaplasia, metastasis, myxoid adrenocortical carcinoma.Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinomas represent about 0.02% of all malignant tumors. They can be either non-functional being incidentally diagnosed but large functional or non-functional tumors weighing above four kilos were also described. In this review we intended to correlate our experience in field of adrenocortical carcinoma with the literature data and to present our vision about their histogenetic aspects, the prognostic factors and molecular examinations in the field. The histological characteristics in routine Hematoxylin and Eosin stain were analyzed in relationship to the immunohistochemical antibodies such as Inhibin, Melan-A, HMB45, Keratin, Ki67, Synaptophysin, Chromogranin, Calretinin, Neuron specific enolase (NSE), RET, CD56, Vimentin, Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA). The histological subtypes such as myoxoid carcinoma and also the possible associated-lipomatous metaplasia, together with the differential diagnosis and the metastatic behavior, based on the newest data published in literature, were also discussed. The main purpose of the review was to present the clinico-pathological complexity of this rare but challenging and aggressive tumor.
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